Perennials in Focus Snapshots

Amsonia 'Blue Ice' Blue Ice Eastern Bluestar Aster tataricus 'Jindai' Jindai Tatarian Aster Astilbe X arendsii 'Beauty of Ernest' 'Color Flash' Campanula 'Samantha' Samantha Dwarf Hybrid Bellflower Caryopteris 'Snow Fairy' Snow Fairy Bluebeard Echinacea 'Art's Pride' Orange Meadowbrite Coneflower Euphorbia amygdaloides var. robbiae Robb's Almond Spurge Heuchera 'Lime Rickey' Lime Rickey Choral Bells Symphyotrichum oblongifolius ‘October Skies’ Athyrium ‘Ghost’ Hybrid Fern Brunnera macrophylla ‘Jack Frost’ Siberian Bugloss Calamintha nepeta ssp. nepeta Calamint Campanula ‘Sarastro’ Bellflower Geranium ‘Rozanne’ Hardy Geranium Ruellia humilis Wild Petunia Sanguisorba ‘Red Thunder’ Red Thunder Burnet Home

Amsonia 'Blue Ice' Blue Ice Eastern Bluestar

Aster tataricus 'Jindai' Jindai Tatarian Aster

Astilbe X arendsii 'Beauty of Ernest' 'Color Flash'

Campanula 'Samantha' Samantha Dwarf Hybrid Bellflower

Caryopteris 'Snow Fairy' Snow Fairy Bluebeard

Echinacea 'Art's Pride' Orange Meadowbrite Coneflower

Euphorbia amygdaloides var. robbiae Robb's Almond Spurge

Heuchera 'Lime Rickey' Lime Rickey Choral Bells

Symphyotrichum oblongifolius ‘October Skies’

Athyrium ‘Ghost’ Hybrid Fern

Brunnera macrophylla ‘Jack Frost’ Siberian Bugloss

Calamintha nepeta ssp. nepeta Calamint Campanula ‘Sarastro’ Bellflower

Geranium ‘Rozanne’ Hardy Geranium

Ruellia humilis Wild Petunia

Sanguisorba ‘Red Thunder’ Red Thunder Burnet

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PRINTABLE PDF  Flower description / bloom time Dark blue buds open to clusters of bright, lavender-blue, star-like flowers from May into June for about 6 weeks. Each star-like bloom is ¾ inch wide. Foliage interest—color/texture ‘Blue Ice’ has very clean, lustrous green, willow-like foliage that turns yellow in fall. Habit and growth rate observations This is a compact, mounded plant. The size reported varied from 1 to 2 feet tall but the width averaged twice as wide as tall. This compact cultivar does not need to be cut back after flowering, and generally requires no staking or support when grown in full sun to part shade. Site preference—soil and light ‘Blue Ice’ does well in sun to light shade. It performs well in average garden soil with good drainage. The trial for Amsonia ‘Blue Ice’ included the drought of 2005 and it performed very well with only a little extra watering required. Successes and possible drawbacks—how to overcome them The strong habit and easy care make it a great choice for the garden. It lacks the size of Amsonia tabernaemontana and the fine-texture of Amsonia hubrichtii but makes up for it with darker, more impressive flowers and a sturdy mounded habit. Notes from growers/retailers Although it is a slow grower with a long production time [slow to fill a #1 container], it has no pest or disease problems. Amsonia ‘Blue Ice’ is rated USDA Zones 4 to 9 for hardiness. Best combinations ‘Blue Ice’ can be combined with taller grasses such as Calamagrostis x acutiflora ‘Stricta ’ (feather reed grass), Iris sibirica ‘Caesar’s Brother’ which bloom at the same time, and contrasts nicely with Heuchera ‘Lime Rickey’ or other plants with yellow or chartreuse foliage. Parting “SHOT”— the overall evaluation results were Excellent **** All plants under evaluation survived in each location. Amsonia ‘Blue Ice’ was rated as an excellent plant for the garden for its great blooms, pleasing foliage and clean form. It is a carefree plant requiring no extra care but adds beauty to the garden with its spring flowers, summer foliage and habit, and added yellow fall color. Evaluated 2004-2007 To the Top PRINTABLE PDF Flower description / bloom time Small, ¾-inch, lavender-blue daisies with a yellow center are clustered at the tips of the stems. ‘Jindai’ blooms in September and October. Foliage interest—color/texture Distinctive paddle-shaped, almost tobacco-like basal leaves are up to 18 inches long and 5 inches wide. Leaves on the upper stems are smaller. Habit and growth rate observations ‘Jindai’ is a compact plant with upright stems to 4 or 5 feet tall, which is about 2 feet shorter than the species. It spreads by rhizomes to 3 feet wide. Site preference—soil and ligh t Tatarian aster is easily grown in average, well-drained soils in full sun. Successes and possible drawbacks—how to overcome them ‘Jindai’ features late-season lavender-blue flowers and a different habit from most commonly grown asters. Divide Jindai every 3-4 years if needed to control growth. Plants can spread widely by rhizomes under optimum growing conditions. This is the only aster that rabbits do not eat! Notes from growers/retailers ‘Jindai’ had no grower notes except that it was long-lived and trouble free. Best combinations Calamagrostis acutiflora 'Karl Foerster' and Eupatorium maculatum are good companion plants for ‘Jindai’. Parting “SHOT”— the overall evaluation results were Good Bold and colorful best describes this showstopper! Pretty late season lavender-blue flowers, bold foliage, and an upright habit give ‘Jindai’ a nice presence in the garden. It’s habit can be aggressive, so a word of warning to gardeners is warranted. ‘Jindai’ is a great aster for massing or for the back of the perennial border. Evaluated 2004-2007 To the Top PRINTABLE PDF  Flower description / bloom time This Astilbe has airy plumes of fragrant, pale pink. The flowers are supposed to bloom June through August; however, one evaluator noted its bloom time as being only in August and some evaluators noted it did not flower at all. It was observed that Color Flash® was not as floriferous as Astilbe ‘Hennie Graafland’. Foliage interest—color/texture Compound leaves emerge a rich green, turning slightly glossy, lower leaves edged with burgundy or red as the season progresses. Habit and growth rate observations The foliage becomes a vigorous mound to 12 inches tall and 24 inches wide. The blooms add 12-18 inches of height in mid-summer. Site preference—soil and ligh t This plant grows best in part sun or dappled shade. It prefers constant moisture and will need supplemental watering in extreme heat. Successes and possible drawbacks—how to overcome them This Astilbe’s strong growth and changing foliage color keep this plant interesting throughout the season. It can have leaves in all shades of green and burgundy to red at the same time. The flowers attract butterflies and it does not appear to attract deer or rabbits. It was recommended by evaluators that Color Flash® be deadheaded so that the color on the foliage stands out. Keep this plant well watered since it needs moist soil for best performance; a mulch will help to retain the soil moisture. It was not bothered by slugs or other insects or by rabbits. Notes from growers/retailers This plant looks great in a container and the colored foliage stands out on a retail bench. Although easily grown, it is patented so propagation is by license only. Best combinations Color Flash® works well in combination with ferns, especially Dryopteris filix-mas and Ajuga ‘Black Scallop’. Parting “SHOT”— the overall evaluation results were Poor * This one was hard to rate, because there is nothing wrong with it, yet there is nothing outstanding either. It certainly has nice clean foliage and grows well. Unfortunately, Color Flash® demonstrated weak growth for most of the evaluators. Three of the evaluators lost the plant completely and only two had 100 percent survival during the testing period. Evaluated 2005-2008 To the Top PRINTABLE PDF Flower description / bloom time Pretty, dainty, long blooming, fragrant, upward facing, ¾ inch violet-blue flowers with a white halo inside. Samantha blooms constantly [almost ridiculously], starting in June through summer with a little maintenance. Foliage interest—color/texture This bellflower forms a mat-like mound of dense, deep green heart-shaped foliage and is fine textured. No disease or insect problems were noted. Habit and growth rate observations The slow spreading mat forms a dense mound and remains compact in ideal conditions. If exposed to excess moisture or too much shade, it can sprawl to 20 inches and open in the center. Site preferenc—soil and light Samantha prefers full sun to light shade and is easily grown in moist well-drained soils. Heavier shade leads to fewer flowers and a sprawling open habit. Successes and possible drawbacks—how to overcome them Exceptional blooming characteristics and dense foliage make Campanula ‘Samantha’ an excellent choice for the edge of the border, rock garden or mass planting. Although deadheading is time-consuming due to the amount of flowers, it will significantly improve the appearance of these bellflowers. Deadheading or shearing after the initial heavy bloom also encourages plants to push more flowers and extend the bloom period. Notes from growers/retailers This bellflower is a good retail seller because it grows easily, begins blooming in early summer, and has neat and tidy foliage. Best combinations Samantha works best as an edger in the garden and mixes well with all other colors. Parting “SHOT” —the overall evaluation results were Good *** The profuse and repeating bloom of blue, up-facing flowers makes Campanula ‘Samantha’ very desirable. But in years with heavy spring rains the stems did ‘lodge’ or fall away from the center. Evaluated 2004-2007 To the Top PRINTABLE PDF Flower description / bloom time The soft blue flowers begin blooming in late July and are ¼ inch or less in small clusters on the tip and sides of the stems. Though pretty, they can get lost in the bright, variegated foliage. Foliage interest— color/texture This bluebeard has fine-textured, variegated foliage. The 2-inch leaves are toothed, sage green, with an irregular white margin. The foliage is clean throughout the season and the variegation has a strong effect in the garden until frost. When crushed or bruised, foliage has a mint-like fragrance. Habit and growth rate observations ‘Snow Fairy’ has a vase-shaped habit that reaches 24-30 inches high and wide. Though very slow to return in the spring, it shows more vigorous growth by mid-summer. Site preference—soil and light ‘Snow Fairy’ is said to prefer sun to light shade in average, well-drained soils, but it also did well in the shady garden [see picture below]. It did not overwinter in wet soils. Successes and possible drawbacks - how to overcome them The bright, clean variegated foliage provides interest all season and the mid-size, graceful form of the plant makes it multifunctional in the garden. However, it emerges as late as early June, so do not be too hasty to assume it has died. Rabbit problems can require fencing for protection. Notes from growers/retailers Growers consider this plant to be an easy container plant to grow with an average finish time. They suggest starting small, shifting up to a larger pot size and pruning once to “fatten” up the plant. Grow in part shade for best coloring of the foliage. Best combinations Consider combining ‘Snow Fairy’ with Stachys byzantina and Geranium sanguineum . It goes well with bright colored flowers and plants with bolder foliage. Parting “SHOT”— the overall evaluation results were Good *** This plant is no trouble at all and makes a big foliage statement from June until frost. The flowers do not show up unless you are standing close, but who cares? Foliage and growth habit make this plant a winner! Evaluated 2006-2009 To the Top PRINTABLE PDF Flower description / bloom time ‘Art’s Pride’ features beautiful orange coneflowers, 3-4 inches across, that fade to pale pink over time. Few flowers on each plant, yet they have a sweet subtle fragrance, and make great cut flowers. It blooms from late June through early August, with intermittent flowers into early fall. Foliage interest—color/texture While the grass-green, lanceolate leaves of ‘Art’s Pride’ are not a significant ornamental feature, they are healthy all summer. The basal leaves are not densely produced. Habit and growth rate observations Due to somewhat spindly habits, plants work best when planted next to other perennials or grasses that help support the weak stems. ‘Art’s Pride’ is a slow grower, 36 inches tall and 24 inches wide after three seasons. Only 11 of 38 plants trialed survived over winter (a 29% survival rate). Site preference—soil and light Grows best in full sun and well-drained soils. Supplemental watering is needed, especially during establishment. Amending soil with compost is beneficial. Successes and possible drawbacks—how to overcome them Not a good plant when planted by itself, since it needs other plants to lean on for support. Cutting the plant back once before it blooms may encourage development of a sturdier compact habit. Orange bloom is magnificent and provides a continuous show as it fades from orange to pale pink. Notes from growers/retailers ‘Art’s Pride’ was the first orange-flowered coneflower in the market introduced via the Chicagoland Grows® plant introduction program. The flower color is appealing to gardeners and will sell if in bloom at the garden center. Best combinations Combines well with a variety of perennials and grasses including Liatris, Aster, Rudbeckia, Sporobolus, Pervoskia, Sessleria, Heliopsis, Helianthus, Sedum, Pennisetum. Parting “SHOT”—the overall evaluation results were Fair •• Stunning orange blooms are a stand out in the garden and contrast well with the yellow and purple blossoms of other perennials. ‘Art’s Pride’ needs the support of adjacent perennials or grasses to prevent it from falling over. The vigor and hardiness is questionable, as a large percentage of our trials did not overwinter very well. To the Top PRINTABLE PDF Flower description / bloom time The flowers bloom from April to the beginning of June. Clusters of lime green flowers with a disk-like bract [looks like a green collar] are borne on stems 12 to 18 inches tall. Foliage interest—color/texture Resembling Japanese Pachysandra, the whorls of glossy dark green leaves, to 2-inches long, were mostly evergreen except for the first year after planting. Habit and growth rate observations The foliage is only 8 inches high but slowly spreads by rhizomes to 2 feet, which makes it such a useful groundcover. It spreads quickly in moist, loose, organic soil. Site preference—soil and light Robb’s spurge prefers rich, moist, humus-rich soil in partial shade. It also did well in drier sites and in varying degrees of sun or shade. Successes and possible drawbacks—how to overcome them In USDA Zone 5, Robb’s spurge is best grown in a protected site where the winter foliage remains evergreen and can be fully appreciated. Notes from growers/retailers Propagation can be done by division or cuttings. It is best to plant liners in late summer. Great combinations Hosta fluctuans ‘Variegata’, Astilbe x arendsii ‘Fanal’, Pulmonaria ‘Majeste’ Parting “SHOT”—the overall evaluation results were Fair ** While there is some concern in regards to this euphorbia’s hardiness, the unusual texture and flower color make it an interesting addition to a light shade garden. But buyers beware; our evaluation has shown that Robb’s spurge can go either direction, becoming aggressive and taking over, or not coming back the following year. And it does not flower every year! Evaluated 2006-2009 To the Top Photo courtesy of Walters Gardens PRINTABLE PDF Flower description / bloom time The white flowers are very small on slender 18-inch stems that rise above the mounded foliage. Most evaluators did not consider the flowers as significant. Two commented that their plants did not flower at all. Foliage interest—color/texture Heuchera ‘Lime Rickey’ has bright chartreuse leaves that are rounded with wavy edges and each leaf is about 2 inches in diameter. The bright color and the ruffled texture stand out in the shadier garden. Two out of six evaluators had some black spot on the leaves. Habit & growth rate observations Comments on growth habit were varied. Some evaluators described the full, mounded habit as excellent and lasting well into winter. However, some of the other evaluators experienced slow growth, failure to thrive and winterkill. At its best ‘Lime Rickey’ was 6-10 inches tall and 32 inches wide. Site preference—soil and light The three evaluators who had success with this plant had partially shaded conditions and dry to moist, but well drained soil. The three evaluators who reported poor results had very dry conditions with no supplemental water and/or slightly sunnier location. Successes & possible drawbacks—how to overcome them When not affected by leaf spot, the chartreuse leaves are the standout feature of this plant. Foliage holds up well into December and new growth emerges early in spring. Clean up of dead leaves in spring and removal of spent flowers were the only maintenance tasks mentioned. ‘Lime Rickey’ was not browsed by rabbits or damaged by slugs. Notes from growers/retailers This coral bell can be susceptible to rust and rotting. Growers recommended preventative fungicides and monitoring salts and moisture. Although it is a very slow grower, it always looks good in containers. Best combinations Athyrium filix-femina ‘Frizelliae’, Carex morrowii ‘Ice Dance’, Polygonatum odoratum ‘Variegatum’ Parting “SHOT”— the overall evaluation results were Good. *** The final evaluations were sharply divided. Three of the six evaluators rated the plant ‘Excellent’ and three rated it ‘Fair’, which gave an average rating of ‘Good’. Close attention to soil and light conditions were the determining factors for success. Evaluated 2005-2008 To the Top PRINTABLE PDF Flower description / bloom time October Skies is a selection of a native to the northeast and has masses of small [about one inch] soft lavender-blue daisy-like flowers with yellow centers that bloom late August into October. Foliage interest / color and texture The foliage is narrow creating a fine texture. The gray-green color is pleasing all summer and no powdery mildew was reported. Evaluators rated the foliage as good and praised it for its lack of disease issues. It is also aromatic when touched. In all but one site, this aster was not browsed by deer or rabbits. Habit and growth rate observations October Skies has a medium growth rate and is supposed to achieve mounds under two feet. But in some garden sites the plants became large masses approximately 30" x 45" – perhaps due to planting in overly rich soil [see site preference]. The habit tends to be a little floppy or sprawling by the end of the season. All plants survived except in one location where deer decimated the plants and they died out by year two. Site preference / soil and light Aromatic aster does best in full sun, with dry to average soils. Those grown in part shade or fertile, moist soils were more sprawling. Successes and possible drawbacks—how to overcome them The floppy late-season habit is a definite drawback. This could potentially be overcome by good pruning practices earlier in the season. Cutting the whole plant back by one-half around July 1 is suggested. Also, some evaluators rated this plant less floriferous and more sprawling by the third year. Other evaluators had better success with drier soil. Also, the blue flowers late in the season were judged a plus. Notes from growers / retailers Plugs were reported to finish in 4 to 5 weeks after rooting. To promote more compact growth, plants should be pruned or pinched by one half. Most growers reported that plants did over-winter in production but one grower did not have this success. Another grower reported that the plant was a prolific ‘re-seeder’ —this was not reported by those who trialed the plant. Best combination s October Skies looks great with ornamental grasses and other late-season, sun perennials and also looks good in naturalized settings. Parting “SHOT”—the overall evaluation results were Good *** While Symphyotrichum oblongifolium October Skies has its drawbacks, it still received a good overall rating for the profusion of flowers produced in fall. So with a little foreknowledge of soil and light preferences, a gardener should have success using this aster. Evaluated 2003-2006 To the Top PRINTABLE PDF Flower description / bloom time Ferns are non-flowering plants. Foliage interest—color and texture Ghost fern with its soft silvery gray fronds and dark maroon midrib is a cross between Athyrium nipponicum var. pictum (Japanese painted fern) and Athyrium filix-femina (lady fern). It exhibits the silver coloration of Japanese painted fern and the upright character from its lady fern parentage. The fronds of the Ghost fern start out silvery in the spring, and age to a grayish green as the season progresses. Habit and growth rate observations The plants have a mature height of 24 to 30 inches and a spread of 18 to 24 inches. It is this fern’s more upright habit that makes it different in the Japanese painted fern world. Site preference: soil / light Ghost fern does best in partial shade with moist, rich, loamy soil but is tolerant of full shade. Successes and possible drawbacks—how to overcome them This deciduous fern was rated Good by the perennial evaluators for habit, foliage and overall effect. Although the Ghost fern was introduced as an improvement over Japanese painted fern, the evaluators didn’t necessarily see this as better, but its habit and leaf color does provide a slightly different feel in the garden. Notes from growers / retailers There were varying reports from growers: Two and one half inch plugs finish in 8 to 10 weeks which are then potted in June for sale the following year. Another grower uses a four and one-half inch plant as a liner in order to get a full plant. And yet another grower reported inconsistent vigor for this fern being slow to fill a one-gallon container. Best combinations Brunnera macrophylla, Heuchera ‘Plum Pudding’, Viola labradorica, Carex morrowii ‘Ice Dance’ Parting “SHOT” —the overall evaluation results were Good *** Athyrium ‘Ghost’ overall received a Good rating from evaluators. Despite not being so different from other Japanese painted ferns, one evaluator suggests that Ghost fern still has a place in the shade garden. Any plant that brings color into the shade garden has value! But most of the Evaluation Team said they would not recommend this fern over Athyrium nipponicum var. pictum . Evaluated 2002-2005 To the Top PRINTABLE PDF Flower description / bloom time Jack Frost has China-blue sprays of flowers in April and May for 3 to 4 weeks with no repeat flowering later in the season. However, flowers are not Jack Frost’s main featuer— flowers only received a ‘good’ rating over the evaluation period. Foliage interest / color and texture Medium green, heart-shaped leaves are heavily marbled in silver-white. The variegated foliage boldly stands out as a ‘color’ throughout the growing season in the shaded garden. Even in a drought year [2005] foliage did not have browned edges. Habit and growth rate observations The mounded habit of the foliage takes about a year from planting to achieve a height of 12 inches with the flowers adding an additional 9 inches. The plants reached a width of 18 to 24 inches in a 2- to 3-year period. Site preference / soil and light Jack Frost grows best in slightly moist, well draining soil in part shade or shade. It showed great drought tolerance in 2005 while growing under Norway maples. Successes and possible drawbacks—how to overcome them Showy foliar variegation stands out in shaded gardens from April to November. For appearance the plant looks best if the spent flower stems are removed. It was also thought that seedlings might revert to the species but on at least one site the seedlings remained true to type. There was only one report of minor slug damage. Notes from growers / retailers Foliage seems to be very consistent and nicer than other variegated Brunnera macrophylla cultivars. As recommended for garden planting, Jack Frost requires excellent drainage to avoid root diseases. By mid-June the plant develops nice foliage, is moderately rooted and in bloom. Jack Frost can be potted bare root in mid-April and grown outdoors under 30% shade cloth. One grower generally sells about 75% and over winters the remaining 25% under micro foam and white plastic right on the ground. Another grower recommended growing plants in a ‘squat pot’ (wider than tall). Brunnera is also salt-sensitive so growers should periodically drench soils to remove excess salt. Best combinations Some suggested companion plants include Athyrium filix-femina ‘Frizelliae’, Carex ‘Ice Dance’, and Impatiens ‘Lipstick’. Parting “SHOT” —the overall evaluation results were Excellent **** Brunnera macrophylla ‘Jack Frost’ is an easy-care perennial for brightening a darker area of the garden – it is the foliage of Jack Frost that makes this plant a standout! For most of the evaluators this plant performed well in dry, shaded conditions filling a much-needed position in the garden. Jack Frost received the highest overall rating of Excellen t **** . Evaluated 2002-2005 To the Top PRINTABLE PDF Flower description / bloom time Calamintha has masses of dainty white flowers that change to soft blue as they age. The tiny blooms dance airily just above the foliage continuously from June through October! Foliage interest / color and texture Calamintha is a fine-textured plant with rich, shiny green foliage. A member of the mint family, the leaves have a peppermint fragrance when crushed. Habit and growth rate observations This upright plant is approximately 12 to 18 inches tall and wide. It forms a clump and is not spreading or aggressive. Site preference—soil / light Calamintha grows in full sun with ordinary soils and requires little care. Be careful not to cover the crown of the plant when planting. Heavy mulch and over-irrigating is not necessary and can, in fact, be detrimental. Less tender, loving care is better for calamint. Successes and possible drawbacks—how to overcome them Be sure to get the subspecies since the straight species Calamintha nepeta will reseed and has dull gray-green leaves. The more desirable Calamintha nepeta ssp. nepeta has small glossy leaves and is sterile. Notes from growers / retailers The true plant is supposed to be sterile or semi sterile. From cuttings, it takes three months to have ready for sale. Two and one-half inch plugs finish in 5 to 6 weeks, bloom in late July. Calamint makes a great plant for August sales and over winters easily under micro foam and white plastic. Best combinations The Evaluation Team rated this plant Fair in most categories but recommended its use overall as a long blooming perennial to use as a filler among ornamental grasses, roses or perennials. Parting “SHOT” —the overall evaluation results were Fair ** While not overly impressive by itself, it really shines as a filler plant or a plant to weave in and around plants, especially in the rock garden. Evaluated 2002-2005 To the Top PRINTABLE PDF Flower description / bloom time Large, 2 ½ inches long, dark purple, bell-shaped flowers appear heavily in June for about two weeks, and then smaller flowers appear sporadically through August. Foliage interest / color and texture Small heart-shaped leaves are medium green and a medium texture, which stay healthy all year long. Habit and growth rate observations Sarastro is a cross between Campanula punctata and Campanula trachelium and is 18 to 20 inches tall with an equal spread. The growth rate is slow and by underground rhizomes. Site preference / soil and light The most successful plantings were in moist, well-drained soils with supplemental watering and a light mulch. These received morning sun and afternoon shade. Some plants sited in full sun died the first year. Successes and possible drawbacks—how to overcome them The positives reported for Sarastro were the showiness of the flower and stems that remained more up right than Campanula ‘Kent Belle’. Cutting the plant back after first bloom rarely resulted in a good second flush of growth. Notes from growers / retailers While easy to grow in pots, the plant does not have much eye appeal in containers, unless it is in bloom. Best combinations The dark purple flower color will combine nicely with soft pastel colors such as pink, lemon yellow, and white. Some suggestions included Achillea 'Moonshine', Iris sibirica ‘Gull’s Wing’, Geranium sanguineum ‘Album’, and Geranium ‘Ankum’s Pride’. Parting “SHOT” —the overall evaluation results were Fair to Poor * The Evaluation Team did not recommend this plant, as the overall rating was Fair to Poor . The showy flower display in June was rated good to excellent, but problems with vigor and hardiness brought the ratings down. In our study, only 65% survived the three years. It did stay more upright than Campanula ‘Kent Belle’, but still needed some support during its heavy bloom period. Evaluated 2003-2006 To the Top PRINTABLE PDF Flower description / bloom time Rozanne features lavender blue flowers with white centers and dark veins; the round, flat flowers are 1¾ inches in diameter. Rozanne blooms from June through September (and even beyond). Foliage interest / color and texture Deeply cut, medium green leaves are typical of hardy geraniums. Foliage did not attract much comment either positive or negative, however, foliage provides a nice backdrop for flowers and does not show any tendencies toward insect or fungal problems. Unlike many members of this genus, there was very little fall color reported. Habit and growth rate observations Make room in the garden for Rozanne as its mounding and sprawling habit can easily spread 24 to 30 inches across and reach 15 to 20 inches tall. Very little maintenance is required beyond a little tidying up of the foliage during the summer to keep the plant in bounds. One evaluator describes this vigorous habit as giving a casual flavor to the garden. Rabbits did not appear to favor this plant! Site preference / soil and light Rozanne is adaptable but evaluators had the best success in sites with sun to part shade. Protection from late afternoon sun is beneficial while too much shade results in poor flowering and form. Soil should be moist but well draining. Successes and possible drawbacks—how to overcome them Across the board our evaluators were impressed with the long period of bloom. You do not have to wait to see results. This plant puts on good growth the first year. A little light trimming in summer may be needed to keep Rozanne in bounds. Notes from growers / retailers Liner availability is somewhat limited. Several growers decided to grow this geranium over other geraniums mentioned below because it is more vigorous. Bare root plants potted in April can be ready in mid-May. However, another grower states that it is slow from a 2-inch plug and may need five to six weeks to get to the edge of the pot. All mentioned that pruning is helpful to keep the plant compact. Best combinations Rozanne looks sensational paired with yellow flowering perennials such as Hemerocallis ‘Happy Returns’. Alternatively, you could draw out the lavender tones in Rozanne by planting it with deep purple foliage such as Eupatorium rugosum ‘Chocolate’ or a plum-colored coleus. Parting “SHOT”—the overall evaluation results were Good *** With its long bloom time, good blue flowers, and healthy foliage, Geranium ‘Rozanne’ makes quite a statement in the garden and was rated as Good. Additional Notes: •Geranium Rozanne holds up through the season better then ‘Johnson’s Blue’ and ‘Brookside’. Unlike Rozanne, these Geraniums usually need a hard cut back after flowering at the end of June or early July to rejuvenate the foliage. •The plants we evaluated were originally received as ‘Jolly Bee, a cultivar that has been recently proven through DNA testing to be the same as Rozanne. Subsequently, ‘Jolly Bee’ has been removed from the market. Given that these two cultivars are the same plant, we reassigned our findings on ‘Jolly Bee’ to Rozanne. Evaluated 2003-2006 To the Top PRINTABLE PDF Flower description and bloom time This prairie native has light lavender petunia-like flowers that are 1 ½ inches in diameter. Wild petunia blooms sporadically from June through October; flowers usually fall off cleanly so deadheading is unnecessary. Foliage interest—color / texture Wild petunia’s fuzzy green foliage remains ornamental throughout the entire season. Habit and growth rate observations The low sprawling growth habit, 6 to 8 inches tall, will trail across or climb up and over depending on the neighboring plants. Site preference—soil and light The wild petunia enjoys full sun and moderate soil types; however, it will tolerate dry soils after becoming established. Successes and possible drawbacks—how to overcome them The trailing habit and tendency to self-seed can be a deterrent for some gardeners. When planted in adverse conditions like outcropping in a rock garden, the trailing habit can be a used to soften the edges. Also works well as a groundcover or in combination with other aggressive perennials. Notes from growers / retailers Ruellia is slow growing and unattractive in the container in spring. By midsummer the plant is fuller but still somewhat leggy. Best results in containers are achieved if the plants are kept on the drier side. Wild petunia is pest-free in containers and in the garden. Best combinations Wild petunia is best planted with drought tolerant plants such as prairie dropseed [Sporobolus], sedums, and daylilies. Parting “SHOT” —the overall evaluation results were Fair ** Due to its tendency to self-seed everywhere, it was given a rating of Fair in the overall appearance category. Not a good plant for the typical backyard garden, but a good pick for a tough site; e.g. a parking median bed. While limited in its applications, Ruellia humilis does fill a need in some gardens. Its trailing habit, drought tolerance and soft violet, long-blooming flowers make it appropriate for the rock garden or the drought-resistant prairie. Its lengthy bloom time will add color to your garden for much of the summer into fall! Evaluated 2004-2007 PRINTABLE PDF Flower description / bloom time Dozens of burgundy-red, knob-shaped flower heads on wand-like stems, to 30 inches tall; blooms in late July through September. Foliage interest—color/texture The foliage is pinnately compound. Each medium green leaflet is 2 inches long, lightly textured and toothed. However, when the Japanese beetles start eating holes in the leaves, they become brown and unsightly. Habit and growth rate observations Generally, plants took a couple of years to establish, and were described as thin and ‘wimpy’ in first year but ranged from 36 to 46 inches tall and 24 inches wide in the third year. Plant habits were adversely affected by Japanese beetle damage, rabbit browsing, and wind damage. Site preference—soil & light ‘Red Thunder’ grows best in full sun to light shade in average well-drained soil and needs extra water during periods of drought. Successes and possible drawbacks—how to overcome them The biggest drawback to this plant is its attractiveness to critters like Japanese beetles and rabbits. It is one of the first plants in the garden that Japanese beetles go to when it starts to bloom. This is a nice filler plant with hundreds of tiny button size flowers held above the foliage. Notes from growers/retailers The flowers are not showy enough to attract the average garden center buyer. Best combinations Rudbeckia fulgida ‘Goldsturm’, Hemerocallis (pink or gold varieties), Allium senescens ssp/ montanum ‘Summer Beauty’, Miscanthus sinensis ‘Morning Light’, Geranium ‘Rozanne’. Parting “SHOT”— the overall evaluation results were Fair ** ‘Red Thunder’ can be a lot of work and probably best for an experienced gardener or collector. It can be useful as a filler plant where its lacy foliage and elongated button flowers can be used to highlight other bolder flowered and foliaged plants. Its downfall is that it is a major food source for Japanese beetles and rabbits. Evaluated 2005-2008 To the Top

PRINTABLE PDF  Flower description / bloom time Dark blue buds open to clusters of bright, lavender-blue, star-like flowers from May into June for about 6 weeks. Each star-like bloom is ¾ inch wide. Foliage interest—color/texture ‘Blue Ice’ has very clean, lustrous green, willow-like foliage that turns yellow in fall. Habit and growth rate observations This is a compact, mounded plant. The size reported varied from 1 to 2 feet tall but the width averaged twice as wide as tall. This compact cultivar does not need to be cut back after flowering, and generally requires no staking or support when grown in full sun to part shade. Site preference—soil and light ‘Blue Ice’ does well in sun to light shade. It performs well in average garden soil with good drainage. The trial for Amsonia ‘Blue Ice’ included the drought of 2005 and it performed very well with only a little extra watering required. Successes and possible drawbacks—how to overcome them The strong habit and easy care make it a great choice for the garden. It lacks the size of Amsonia tabernaemontana and the fine-texture of Amsonia hubrichtii but makes up for it with darker, more impressive flowers and a sturdy mounded habit. Notes from growers/retailers Although it is a slow grower with a long production time [slow to fill a #1 container], it has no pest or disease problems. Amsonia ‘Blue Ice’ is rated USDA Zones 4 to 9 for hardiness. Best combinations ‘Blue Ice’ can be combined with taller grasses such as Calamagrostis x acutiflora ‘Stricta ’ (feather reed grass), Iris sibirica ‘Caesar’s Brother’ which bloom at the same time, and contrasts nicely with Heuchera ‘Lime Rickey’ or other plants with yellow or chartreuse foliage. Parting “SHOT”— the overall evaluation results were Excellent **** All plants under evaluation survived in each location. Amsonia ‘Blue Ice’ was rated as an excellent plant for the garden for its great blooms, pleasing foliage and clean form. It is a carefree plant requiring no extra care but adds beauty to the garden with its spring flowers, summer foliage and habit, and added yellow fall color. Evaluated 2004-2007 To the Top PRINTABLE PDF Flower description / bloom time Small, ¾-inch, lavender-blue daisies with a yellow center are clustered at the tips of the stems. ‘Jindai’ blooms in September and October. Foliage interest—color/texture Distinctive paddle-shaped, almost tobacco-like basal leaves are up to 18 inches long and 5 inches wide. Leaves on the upper stems are smaller. Habit and growth rate observations ‘Jindai’ is a compact plant with upright stems to 4 or 5 feet tall, which is about 2 feet shorter than the species. It spreads by rhizomes to 3 feet wide. Site preference—soil and ligh t Tatarian aster is easily grown in average, well-drained soils in full sun. Successes and possible drawbacks—how to overcome them ‘Jindai’ features late-season lavender-blue flowers and a different habit from most commonly grown asters. Divide Jindai every 3-4 years if needed to control growth. Plants can spread widely by rhizomes under optimum growing conditions. This is the only aster that rabbits do not eat! Notes from growers/retailers ‘Jindai’ had no grower notes except that it was long-lived and trouble free. Best combinations Calamagrostis acutiflora 'Karl Foerster' and Eupatorium maculatum are good companion plants for ‘Jindai’. Parting “SHOT”— the overall evaluation results were Good Bold and colorful best describes this showstopper! Pretty late season lavender-blue flowers, bold foliage, and an upright habit give ‘Jindai’ a nice presence in the garden. It’s habit can be aggressive, so a word of warning to gardeners is warranted. ‘Jindai’ is a great aster for massing or for the back of the perennial border. Evaluated 2004-2007 To the Top PRINTABLE PDF  Flower description / bloom time This Astilbe has airy plumes of fragrant, pale pink. The flowers are supposed to bloom June through August; however, one evaluator noted its bloom time as being only in August and some evaluators noted it did not flower at all. It was observed that Color Flash® was not as floriferous as Astilbe ‘Hennie Graafland’. Foliage interest—color/texture Compound leaves emerge a rich green, turning slightly glossy, lower leaves edged with burgundy or red as the season progresses. Habit and growth rate observations The foliage becomes a vigorous mound to 12 inches tall and 24 inches wide. The blooms add 12-18 inches of height in mid-summer. Site preference—soil and ligh t This plant grows best in part sun or dappled shade. It prefers constant moisture and will need supplemental watering in extreme heat. Successes and possible drawbacks—how to overcome them This Astilbe’s strong growth and changing foliage color keep this plant interesting throughout the season. It can have leaves in all shades of green and burgundy to red at the same time. The flowers attract butterflies and it does not appear to attract deer or rabbits. It was recommended by evaluators that Color Flash® be deadheaded so that the color on the foliage stands out. Keep this plant well watered since it needs moist soil for best performance; a mulch will help to retain the soil moisture. It was not bothered by slugs or other insects or by rabbits. Notes from growers/retailers This plant looks great in a container and the colored foliage stands out on a retail bench. Although easily grown, it is patented so propagation is by license only. Best combinations Color Flash® works well in combination with ferns, especially Dryopteris filix-mas and Ajuga ‘Black Scallop’. Parting “SHOT”— the overall evaluation results were Poor * This one was hard to rate, because there is nothing wrong with it, yet there is nothing outstanding either. It certainly has nice clean foliage and grows well. Unfortunately, Color Flash® demonstrated weak growth for most of the evaluators. Three of the evaluators lost the plant completely and only two had 100 percent survival during the testing period. Evaluated 2005-2008 To the Top PRINTABLE PDF Flower description / bloom time Pretty, dainty, long blooming, fragrant, upward facing, ¾ inch violet-blue flowers with a white halo inside. Samantha blooms constantly [almost ridiculously], starting in June through summer with a little maintenance. Foliage interest—color/texture This bellflower forms a mat-like mound of dense, deep green heart-shaped foliage and is fine textured. No disease or insect problems were noted. Habit and growth rate observations The slow spreading mat forms a dense mound and remains compact in ideal conditions. If exposed to excess moisture or too much shade, it can sprawl to 20 inches and open in the center. Site preferenc—soil and light Samantha prefers full sun to light shade and is easily grown in moist well-drained soils. Heavier shade leads to fewer flowers and a sprawling open habit. Successes and possible drawbacks—how to overcome them Exceptional blooming characteristics and dense foliage make Campanula ‘Samantha’ an excellent choice for the edge of the border, rock garden or mass planting. Although deadheading is time-consuming due to the amount of flowers, it will significantly improve the appearance of these bellflowers. Deadheading or shearing after the initial heavy bloom also encourages plants to push more flowers and extend the bloom period. Notes from growers/retailers This bellflower is a good retail seller because it grows easily, begins blooming in early summer, and has neat and tidy foliage. Best combinations Samantha works best as an edger in the garden and mixes well with all other colors. Parting “SHOT” —the overall evaluation results were Good *** The profuse and repeating bloom of blue, up-facing flowers makes Campanula ‘Samantha’ very desirable. But in years with heavy spring rains the stems did ‘lodge’ or fall away from the center. Evaluated 2004-2007 To the Top PRINTABLE PDF Flower description / bloom time The soft blue flowers begin blooming in late July and are ¼ inch or less in small clusters on the tip and sides of the stems. Though pretty, they can get lost in the bright, variegated foliage. Foliage interest— color/texture This bluebeard has fine-textured, variegated foliage. The 2-inch leaves are toothed, sage green, with an irregular white margin. The foliage is clean throughout the season and the variegation has a strong effect in the garden until frost. When crushed or bruised, foliage has a mint-like fragrance. Habit and growth rate observations ‘Snow Fairy’ has a vase-shaped habit that reaches 24-30 inches high and wide. Though very slow to return in the spring, it shows more vigorous growth by mid-summer. Site preference—soil and light ‘Snow Fairy’ is said to prefer sun to light shade in average, well-drained soils, but it also did well in the shady garden [see picture below]. It did not overwinter in wet soils. Successes and possible drawbacks - how to overcome them The bright, clean variegated foliage provides interest all season and the mid-size, graceful form of the plant makes it multifunctional in the garden. However, it emerges as late as early June, so do not be too hasty to assume it has died. Rabbit problems can require fencing for protection. Notes from growers/retailers Growers consider this plant to be an easy container plant to grow with an average finish time. They suggest starting small, shifting up to a larger pot size and pruning once to “fatten” up the plant. Grow in part shade for best coloring of the foliage. Best combinations Consider combining ‘Snow Fairy’ with Stachys byzantina and Geranium sanguineum . It goes well with bright colored flowers and plants with bolder foliage. Parting “SHOT”— the overall evaluation results were Good *** This plant is no trouble at all and makes a big foliage statement from June until frost. The flowers do not show up unless you are standing close, but who cares? Foliage and growth habit make this plant a winner! Evaluated 2006-2009 To the Top PRINTABLE PDF Flower description / bloom time ‘Art’s Pride’ features beautiful orange coneflowers, 3-4 inches across, that fade to pale pink over time. Few flowers on each plant, yet they have a sweet subtle fragrance, and make great cut flowers. It blooms from late June through early August, with intermittent flowers into early fall. Foliage interest—color/texture While the grass-green, lanceolate leaves of ‘Art’s Pride’ are not a significant ornamental feature, they are healthy all summer. The basal leaves are not densely produced. Habit and growth rate observations Due to somewhat spindly habits, plants work best when planted next to other perennials or grasses that help support the weak stems. ‘Art’s Pride’ is a slow grower, 36 inches tall and 24 inches wide after three seasons. Only 11 of 38 plants trialed survived over winter (a 29% survival rate). Site preference—soil and light Grows best in full sun and well-drained soils. Supplemental watering is needed, especially during establishment. Amending soil with compost is beneficial. Successes and possible drawbacks—how to overcome them Not a good plant when planted by itself, since it needs other plants to lean on for support. Cutting the plant back once before it blooms may encourage development of a sturdier compact habit. Orange bloom is magnificent and provides a continuous show as it fades from orange to pale pink. Notes from growers/retailers ‘Art’s Pride’ was the first orange-flowered coneflower in the market introduced via the Chicagoland Grows® plant introduction program. The flower color is appealing to gardeners and will sell if in bloom at the garden center. Best combinations Combines well with a variety of perennials and grasses including Liatris, Aster, Rudbeckia, Sporobolus, Pervoskia, Sessleria, Heliopsis, Helianthus, Sedum, Pennisetum. Parting “SHOT”—the overall evaluation results were Fair •• Stunning orange blooms are a stand out in the garden and contrast well with the yellow and purple blossoms of other perennials. ‘Art’s Pride’ needs the support of adjacent perennials or grasses to prevent it from falling over. The vigor and hardiness is questionable, as a large percentage of our trials did not overwinter very well. To the Top PRINTABLE PDF Flower description / bloom time The flowers bloom from April to the beginning of June. Clusters of lime green flowers with a disk-like bract [looks like a green collar] are borne on stems 12 to 18 inches tall. Foliage interest—color/texture Resembling Japanese Pachysandra, the whorls of glossy dark green leaves, to 2-inches long, were mostly evergreen except for the first year after planting. Habit and growth rate observations The foliage is only 8 inches high but slowly spreads by rhizomes to 2 feet, which makes it such a useful groundcover. It spreads quickly in moist, loose, organic soil. Site preference—soil and light Robb’s spurge prefers rich, moist, humus-rich soil in partial shade. It also did well in drier sites and in varying degrees of sun or shade. Successes and possible drawbacks—how to overcome them In USDA Zone 5, Robb’s spurge is best grown in a protected site where the winter foliage remains evergreen and can be fully appreciated. Notes from growers/retailers Propagation can be done by division or cuttings. It is best to plant liners in late summer. Great combinations Hosta fluctuans ‘Variegata’, Astilbe x arendsii ‘Fanal’, Pulmonaria ‘Majeste’ Parting “SHOT”—the overall evaluation results were Fair ** While there is some concern in regards to this euphorbia’s hardiness, the unusual texture and flower color make it an interesting addition to a light shade garden. But buyers beware; our evaluation has shown that Robb’s spurge can go either direction, becoming aggressive and taking over, or not coming back the following year. And it does not flower every year! Evaluated 2006-2009 To the Top Photo courtesy of Walters Gardens PRINTABLE PDF Flower description / bloom time The white flowers are very small on slender 18-inch stems that rise above the mounded foliage. Most evaluators did not consider the flowers as significant. Two commented that their plants did not flower at all. Foliage interest—color/texture Heuchera ‘Lime Rickey’ has bright chartreuse leaves that are rounded with wavy edges and each leaf is about 2 inches in diameter. The bright color and the ruffled texture stand out in the shadier garden. Two out of six evaluators had some black spot on the leaves. Habit & growth rate observations Comments on growth habit were varied. Some evaluators described the full, mounded habit as excellent and lasting well into winter. However, some of the other evaluators experienced slow growth, failure to thrive and winterkill. At its best ‘Lime Rickey’ was 6-10 inches tall and 32 inches wide. Site preference—soil and light The three evaluators who had success with this plant had partially shaded conditions and dry to moist, but well drained soil. The three evaluators who reported poor results had very dry conditions with no supplemental water and/or slightly sunnier location. Successes & possible drawbacks—how to overcome them When not affected by leaf spot, the chartreuse leaves are the standout feature of this plant. Foliage holds up well into December and new growth emerges early in spring. Clean up of dead leaves in spring and removal of spent flowers were the only maintenance tasks mentioned. ‘Lime Rickey’ was not browsed by rabbits or damaged by slugs. Notes from growers/retailers This coral bell can be susceptible to rust and rotting. Growers recommended preventative fungicides and monitoring salts and moisture. Although it is a very slow grower, it always looks good in containers. Best combinations Athyrium filix-femina ‘Frizelliae’, Carex morrowii ‘Ice Dance’, Polygonatum odoratum ‘Variegatum’ Parting “SHOT”— the overall evaluation results were Good. *** The final evaluations were sharply divided. Three of the six evaluators rated the plant ‘Excellent’ and three rated it ‘Fair’, which gave an average rating of ‘Good’. Close attention to soil and light conditions were the determining factors for success. Evaluated 2005-2008 To the Top PRINTABLE PDF Flower description / bloom time October Skies is a selection of a native to the northeast and has masses of small [about one inch] soft lavender-blue daisy-like flowers with yellow centers that bloom late August into October. Foliage interest / color and texture The foliage is narrow creating a fine texture. The gray-green color is pleasing all summer and no powdery mildew was reported. Evaluators rated the foliage as good and praised it for its lack of disease issues. It is also aromatic when touched. In all but one site, this aster was not browsed by deer or rabbits. Habit and growth rate observations October Skies has a medium growth rate and is supposed to achieve mounds under two feet. But in some garden sites the plants became large masses approximately 30" x 45" – perhaps due to planting in overly rich soil [see site preference]. The habit tends to be a little floppy or sprawling by the end of the season. All plants survived except in one location where deer decimated the plants and they died out by year two. Site preference / soil and light Aromatic aster does best in full sun, with dry to average soils. Those grown in part shade or fertile, moist soils were more sprawling. Successes and possible drawbacks—how to overcome them The floppy late-season habit is a definite drawback. This could potentially be overcome by good pruning practices earlier in the season. Cutting the whole plant back by one-half around July 1 is suggested. Also, some evaluators rated this plant less floriferous and more sprawling by the third year. Other evaluators had better success with drier soil. Also, the blue flowers late in the season were judged a plus. Notes from growers / retailers Plugs were reported to finish in 4 to 5 weeks after rooting. To promote more compact growth, plants should be pruned or pinched by one half. Most growers reported that plants did over-winter in production but one grower did not have this success. Another grower reported that the plant was a prolific ‘re-seeder’ —this was not reported by those who trialed the plant. Best combination s October Skies looks great with ornamental grasses and other late-season, sun perennials and also looks good in naturalized settings. Parting “SHOT”—the overall evaluation results were Good *** While Symphyotrichum oblongifolium October Skies has its drawbacks, it still received a good overall rating for the profusion of flowers produced in fall. So with a little foreknowledge of soil and light preferences, a gardener should have success using this aster. Evaluated 2003-2006 To the Top

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 Flower description / bloom time Dark blue buds open to clusters of bright, lavender-blue, star-like flowers from May into June for about 6 weeks. Each star-like bloom is ¾ inch wide. Foliage interest—color/texture ‘Blue Ice’ has very clean, lustrous green, willow-like foliage that turns yellow in fall.

Habit and growth rate observations This is a compact, mounded plant. The size reported varied from 1 to 2 feet tall but the width averaged twice as wide as tall. This compact cultivar does not need to be cut back after flowering, and generally requires no staking or support when grown in full sun to part shade.

Site preference—soil and light ‘Blue Ice’ does well in sun to light shade. It performs well in average garden soil with good drainage. The trial for Amsonia ‘Blue Ice’ included the drought of 2005 and it performed very well with only a little extra watering required.

Successes and possible drawbacks—how to overcome them The strong habit and easy care make it a great choice for the garden. It lacks the size of Amsonia tabernaemontana and the fine-texture of Amsonia hubrichtii but makes up for it with darker, more impressive flowers and a sturdy mounded habit.

Notes from growers/retailers Although it is a slow grower with a long production time [slow to fill a #1 container], it has no pest or disease problems. Amsonia ‘Blue Ice’ is rated USDA Zones 4 to 9 for hardiness.

Best combinations ‘Blue Ice’ can be combined with taller grasses such as Calamagrostis x acutiflora ‘Stricta ’ (feather reed grass), Iris sibirica ‘Caesar’s Brother’ which bloom at the same time, and contrasts nicely with Heuchera ‘Lime Rickey’ or other plants with yellow or chartreuse foliage. Parting “SHOT”— the overall evaluation results were Excellent **** All plants under evaluation survived in each location. Amsonia ‘Blue Ice’ was rated as an excellent plant for the garden for its great blooms, pleasing foliage and clean form. It is a carefree plant requiring no extra care but adds beauty to the garden with its spring flowers, summer foliage and habit, and added yellow fall color.

Evaluated 2004-2007

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Flower description / bloom time Small, ¾-inch, lavender-blue daisies with a yellow center are clustered at the tips of the stems. ‘Jindai’ blooms in September and October.

Foliage interest—color/texture Distinctive paddle-shaped, almost tobacco-like basal leaves are up to 18 inches long and 5 inches wide. Leaves on the upper stems are smaller.

Habit and growth rate observations ‘Jindai’ is a compact plant with upright stems to 4 or 5 feet tall, which is about 2 feet shorter than the species. It spreads by rhizomes to 3 feet wide.

Site preference—soil and ligh t Tatarian aster is easily grown in average, well-drained soils in full sun.

Successes and possible drawbacks—how to overcome them ‘Jindai’ features late-season lavender-blue flowers and a different habit from most commonly grown asters. Divide Jindai every 3-4 years if needed to control growth. Plants can spread widely by rhizomes under optimum growing conditions. This is the only aster that rabbits do not eat!

Notes from growers/retailers ‘Jindai’ had no grower notes except that it was long-lived and trouble free.

Best combinations Calamagrostis acutiflora 'Karl Foerster' and Eupatorium maculatum are good companion plants for ‘Jindai’.

Parting “SHOT”— the overall evaluation results were Good Bold and colorful best describes this showstopper! Pretty late season lavender-blue flowers, bold foliage, and an upright habit give ‘Jindai’ a nice presence in the garden. It’s habit can be aggressive, so a word of warning to gardeners is warranted. ‘Jindai’ is a great aster for massing or for the back of the perennial border.

 Flower description / bloom time This Astilbe has airy plumes of fragrant, pale pink. The flowers are supposed to bloom June through August; however, one evaluator noted its bloom time as being only in August and some evaluators noted it did not flower at all. It was observed that Color Flash® was not as floriferous as Astilbe ‘Hennie Graafland’.

Foliage interest—color/texture Compound leaves emerge a rich green, turning slightly glossy, lower leaves edged with burgundy or red as the season progresses.

Habit and growth rate observations The foliage becomes a vigorous mound to 12 inches tall and 24 inches wide. The blooms add 12-18 inches of height in mid-summer.

Site preference—soil and ligh t This plant grows best in part sun or dappled shade. It prefers constant moisture and will need supplemental watering in extreme heat.

Successes and possible drawbacks—how to overcome them This Astilbe’s strong growth and changing foliage color keep this plant interesting throughout the season. It can have leaves in all shades of green and burgundy to red at the same time. The flowers attract butterflies and it does not appear to attract deer or rabbits. It was recommended by evaluators that Color Flash® be deadheaded so that the color on the foliage stands out. Keep this plant well watered since it needs moist soil for best performance; a mulch will help to retain the soil moisture. It was not bothered by slugs or other insects or by rabbits.

Notes from growers/retailers This plant looks great in a container and the colored foliage stands out on a retail bench. Although easily grown, it is patented so propagation is by license only.

Best combinations Color Flash® works well in combination with ferns, especially Dryopteris filix-mas and Ajuga ‘Black Scallop’.

Parting “SHOT”— the overall evaluation results were Poor * This one was hard to rate, because there is nothing wrong with it, yet there is nothing outstanding either. It certainly has nice clean foliage and grows well.

Unfortunately, Color Flash® demonstrated weak growth for most of the evaluators. Three of the evaluators lost the plant completely and only two had 100 percent survival during the testing period.

Evaluated 2005-2008

Flower description / bloom time Pretty, dainty, long blooming, fragrant, upward facing, ¾ inch violet-blue flowers with a white halo inside. Samantha blooms constantly [almost ridiculously], starting in June through summer with a little maintenance. Foliage interest—color/texture This bellflower forms a mat-like mound of dense, deep green heart-shaped foliage and is fine textured. No disease or insect problems were noted. Habit and growth rate observations The slow spreading mat forms a dense mound and remains compact in ideal conditions. If exposed to excess moisture or too much shade, it can sprawl to 20 inches and open in the center. Site preferenc—soil and light Samantha prefers full sun to light shade and is easily grown in moist well-drained soils. Heavier shade leads to fewer flowers and a sprawling open habit. Successes and possible drawbacks—how to overcome them Exceptional blooming characteristics and dense foliage make Campanula ‘Samantha’ an excellent choice for the edge of the border, rock garden or mass planting. Although deadheading is time-consuming due to the amount of flowers, it will significantly improve the appearance of these bellflowers. Deadheading or shearing after the initial heavy bloom also encourages plants to push more flowers and extend the bloom period. Notes from growers/retailers This bellflower is a good retail seller because it grows easily, begins blooming in early summer, and has neat and tidy foliage. Best combinations Samantha works best as an edger in the garden and mixes well with all other colors. Parting “SHOT” —the overall evaluation results were Good *** The profuse and repeating bloom of blue, up-facing flowers makes Campanula ‘Samantha’ very desirable. But in years with heavy spring rains the stems did ‘lodge’ or fall away from the center.

Flower description / bloom time The soft blue flowers begin blooming in late July and are ¼ inch or less in small clusters on the tip and sides of the stems. Though pretty, they can get lost in the bright, variegated foliage. Foliage interest— color/texture This bluebeard has fine-textured, variegated foliage. The 2-inch leaves are toothed, sage green, with an irregular white margin. The foliage is clean throughout the season and the variegation has a strong effect in the garden until frost. When crushed or bruised, foliage has a mint-like fragrance. Habit and growth rate observations ‘Snow Fairy’ has a vase-shaped habit that reaches 24-30 inches high and wide. Though very slow to return in the spring, it shows more vigorous growth by mid-summer. Site preference—soil and light ‘Snow Fairy’ is said to prefer sun to light shade in average, well-drained soils, but it also did well in the shady garden [see picture below]. It did not overwinter in wet soils. Successes and possible drawbacks - how to overcome them The bright, clean variegated foliage provides interest all season and the mid-size, graceful form of the plant makes it multifunctional in the garden. However, it emerges as late as early June, so do not be too hasty to assume it has died. Rabbit problems can require fencing for protection. Notes from growers/retailers Growers consider this plant to be an easy container plant to grow with an average finish time. They suggest starting small, shifting up to a larger pot size and pruning once to “fatten” up the plant. Grow in part shade for best coloring of the foliage. Best combinations Consider combining ‘Snow Fairy’ with Stachys byzantina and Geranium sanguineum . It goes well with bright colored flowers and plants with bolder foliage. Parting “SHOT”— the overall evaluation results were Good *** This plant is no trouble at all and makes a big foliage statement from June until frost. The flowers do not show up unless you are standing close, but who cares? Foliage and growth habit make this plant a winner!

Evaluated 2006-2009

Flower description / bloom time ‘Art’s Pride’ features beautiful orange coneflowers, 3-4 inches across, that fade to pale pink over time. Few flowers on each plant, yet they have a sweet subtle fragrance, and make great cut flowers. It blooms from late June through early August, with intermittent flowers into early fall. Foliage interest—color/texture While the grass-green, lanceolate leaves of ‘Art’s Pride’ are not a significant ornamental feature, they are healthy all summer. The basal leaves are not densely produced. Habit and growth rate observations Due to somewhat spindly habits, plants work best when planted next to other perennials or grasses that help support the weak stems. ‘Art’s Pride’ is a slow grower, 36 inches tall and 24 inches wide after three seasons. Only 11 of 38 plants trialed survived over winter (a 29% survival rate). Site preference—soil and light Grows best in full sun and well-drained soils. Supplemental watering is needed, especially during establishment. Amending soil with compost is beneficial. Successes and possible drawbacks—how to overcome them Not a good plant when planted by itself, since it needs other plants to lean on for support. Cutting the plant back once before it blooms may encourage development of a sturdier compact habit. Orange bloom is magnificent and provides a continuous show as it fades from orange to pale pink. Notes from growers/retailers ‘Art’s Pride’ was the first orange-flowered coneflower in the market introduced via the Chicagoland Grows® plant introduction program. The flower color is appealing to gardeners and will sell if in bloom at the garden center. Best combinations Combines well with a variety of perennials and grasses including Liatris, Aster, Rudbeckia, Sporobolus, Pervoskia, Sessleria, Heliopsis, Helianthus, Sedum, Pennisetum. Parting “SHOT”—the overall evaluation results were Fair •• Stunning orange blooms are a stand out in the garden and contrast well with the yellow and purple blossoms of other perennials. ‘Art’s Pride’ needs the support of adjacent perennials or grasses to prevent it from falling over. The vigor and hardiness is questionable, as a large percentage of our trials did not overwinter very well.

Flower description / bloom time The flowers bloom from April to the beginning of June. Clusters of lime green flowers with a disk-like bract [looks like a green collar] are borne on stems 12 to 18 inches tall.

Foliage interest—color/texture Resembling Japanese Pachysandra, the whorls of glossy dark green leaves, to 2-inches long, were mostly evergreen except for the first year after planting.

Habit and growth rate observations The foliage is only 8 inches high but slowly spreads by rhizomes to 2 feet, which makes it such a useful groundcover. It spreads quickly in moist, loose, organic soil.

Site preference—soil and light Robb’s spurge prefers rich, moist, humus-rich soil in partial shade. It also did well in drier sites and in varying degrees of sun or shade.

Successes and possible drawbacks—how to overcome them In USDA Zone 5, Robb’s spurge is best grown in a protected site where the winter foliage remains evergreen and can be fully appreciated.

Notes from growers/retailers Propagation can be done by division or cuttings. It is best to plant liners in late summer.

Great combinations Hosta fluctuans ‘Variegata’, Astilbe x arendsii ‘Fanal’, Pulmonaria ‘Majeste’

Parting “SHOT”—the overall evaluation results were Fair ** While there is some concern in regards to this euphorbia’s hardiness, the unusual texture and flower color make it an interesting addition to a light shade garden. But buyers beware; our evaluation has shown that Robb’s spurge can go either direction, becoming aggressive and taking over, or not coming back the following year. And it does not flower every year!

Photo courtesy of Walters Gardens

Flower description / bloom time The white flowers are very small on slender 18-inch stems that rise above the mounded foliage. Most evaluators did not consider the flowers as significant. Two commented that their plants did not flower at all. Foliage interest—color/texture Heuchera ‘Lime Rickey’ has bright chartreuse leaves that are rounded with wavy edges and each leaf is about 2 inches in diameter. The bright color and the ruffled texture stand out in the shadier garden. Two out of six evaluators had some black spot on the leaves. Habit & growth rate observations Comments on growth habit were varied. Some evaluators described the full, mounded habit as excellent and lasting well into winter. However, some of the other evaluators experienced slow growth, failure to thrive and winterkill. At its best ‘Lime Rickey’ was 6-10 inches tall and 32 inches wide. Site preference—soil and light The three evaluators who had success with this plant had partially shaded conditions and dry to moist, but well drained soil. The three evaluators who reported poor results had very dry conditions with no supplemental water and/or slightly sunnier location. Successes & possible drawbacks—how to overcome them When not affected by leaf spot, the chartreuse leaves are the standout feature of this plant. Foliage holds up well into December and new growth emerges early in spring. Clean up of dead leaves in spring and removal of spent flowers were the only maintenance tasks mentioned. ‘Lime Rickey’ was not browsed by rabbits or damaged by slugs. Notes from growers/retailers This coral bell can be susceptible to rust and rotting. Growers recommended preventative fungicides and monitoring salts and moisture. Although it is a very slow grower, it always looks good in containers. Best combinations Athyrium filix-femina ‘Frizelliae’, Carex morrowii ‘Ice Dance’, Polygonatum odoratum ‘Variegatum’ Parting “SHOT”— the overall evaluation results were Good. *** The final evaluations were sharply divided. Three of the six evaluators rated the plant ‘Excellent’ and three rated it ‘Fair’, which gave an average rating of ‘Good’. Close attention to soil and light conditions were the determining factors for success.

Flower description / bloom time October Skies is a selection of a native to the northeast and has masses of small [about one inch] soft lavender-blue daisy-like flowers with yellow centers that bloom late August into October.

Foliage interest / color and texture The foliage is narrow creating a fine texture. The gray-green color is pleasing all summer and no powdery mildew was reported. Evaluators rated the foliage as good and praised it for its lack of disease issues. It is also aromatic when touched. In all but one site, this aster was not browsed by deer or rabbits.

Habit and growth rate observations October Skies has a medium growth rate and is supposed to achieve mounds under two feet. But in some garden sites the plants became large masses approximately 30" x 45" – perhaps due to planting in overly rich soil [see site preference]. The habit tends to be a little floppy or sprawling by the end of the season. All plants survived except in one location where deer decimated the plants and they died out by year two.

Site preference / soil and light Aromatic aster does best in full sun, with dry to average soils. Those grown in part shade or fertile, moist soils were more sprawling.

Successes and possible drawbacks—how to overcome them The floppy late-season habit is a definite drawback. This could potentially be overcome by good pruning practices earlier in the season. Cutting the whole plant back by one-half around July 1 is suggested. Also, some evaluators rated this plant less floriferous and more sprawling by the third year. Other evaluators had better success with drier soil. Also, the blue flowers late in the season were judged a plus.

Notes from growers / retailers Plugs were reported to finish in 4 to 5 weeks after rooting. To promote more compact growth, plants should be pruned or pinched by one half. Most growers reported that plants did over-winter in production but one grower did not have this success. Another grower reported that the plant was a prolific ‘re-seeder’ —this was not reported by those who trialed the plant.

Best combination s October Skies looks great with ornamental grasses and other late-season, sun perennials and also looks good in naturalized settings.

Parting “SHOT”—the overall evaluation results were Good *** While Symphyotrichum oblongifolium October Skies has its drawbacks, it still received a good overall rating for the profusion of flowers produced in fall. So with a little foreknowledge of soil and light preferences, a gardener should have success using this aster.

Evaluated 2003-2006

PRINTABLE PDF Flower description / bloom time Ferns are non-flowering plants. Foliage interest—color and texture Ghost fern with its soft silvery gray fronds and dark maroon midrib is a cross between Athyrium nipponicum var. pictum (Japanese painted fern) and Athyrium filix-femina (lady fern). It exhibits the silver coloration of Japanese painted fern and the upright character from its lady fern parentage. The fronds of the Ghost fern start out silvery in the spring, and age to a grayish green as the season progresses. Habit and growth rate observations The plants have a mature height of 24 to 30 inches and a spread of 18 to 24 inches. It is this fern’s more upright habit that makes it different in the Japanese painted fern world. Site preference: soil / light Ghost fern does best in partial shade with moist, rich, loamy soil but is tolerant of full shade. Successes and possible drawbacks—how to overcome them This deciduous fern was rated Good by the perennial evaluators for habit, foliage and overall effect. Although the Ghost fern was introduced as an improvement over Japanese painted fern, the evaluators didn’t necessarily see this as better, but its habit and leaf color does provide a slightly different feel in the garden. Notes from growers / retailers There were varying reports from growers: Two and one half inch plugs finish in 8 to 10 weeks which are then potted in June for sale the following year. Another grower uses a four and one-half inch plant as a liner in order to get a full plant. And yet another grower reported inconsistent vigor for this fern being slow to fill a one-gallon container. Best combinations Brunnera macrophylla, Heuchera ‘Plum Pudding’, Viola labradorica, Carex morrowii ‘Ice Dance’ Parting “SHOT” —the overall evaluation results were Good *** Athyrium ‘Ghost’ overall received a Good rating from evaluators. Despite not being so different from other Japanese painted ferns, one evaluator suggests that Ghost fern still has a place in the shade garden. Any plant that brings color into the shade garden has value! But most of the Evaluation Team said they would not recommend this fern over Athyrium nipponicum var. pictum . Evaluated 2002-2005 To the Top

Flower description / bloom time Ferns are non-flowering plants.

Foliage interest—color and texture Ghost fern with its soft silvery gray fronds and dark maroon midrib is a cross between Athyrium nipponicum var. pictum (Japanese painted fern) and Athyrium filix-femina (lady fern). It exhibits the silver coloration of Japanese painted fern and the upright character from its lady fern parentage. The fronds of the Ghost fern start out silvery in the spring, and age to a grayish green as the season progresses.

Habit and growth rate observations The plants have a mature height of 24 to 30 inches and a spread of 18 to 24 inches. It is this fern’s more upright habit that makes it different in the Japanese painted fern world.

Site preference: soil / light Ghost fern does best in partial shade with moist, rich, loamy soil but is tolerant of full shade.

Successes and possible drawbacks—how to overcome them This deciduous fern was rated Good by the perennial evaluators for habit, foliage and overall effect. Although the Ghost fern was introduced as an improvement over Japanese painted fern, the evaluators didn’t necessarily see this as better, but its habit and leaf color does provide a slightly different feel in the garden.

Notes from growers / retailers There were varying reports from growers: Two and one half inch plugs finish in 8 to 10 weeks which are then potted in June for sale the following year. Another grower uses a four and one-half inch plant as a liner in order to get a full plant. And yet another grower reported inconsistent vigor for this fern being slow to fill a one-gallon container.

Best combinations Brunnera macrophylla, Heuchera ‘Plum Pudding’, Viola labradorica, Carex morrowii ‘Ice Dance’

Parting “SHOT” —the overall evaluation results were Good *** Athyrium ‘Ghost’ overall received a Good rating from evaluators. Despite not being so different from other Japanese painted ferns, one evaluator suggests that Ghost fern still has a place in the shade garden. Any plant that brings color into the shade garden has value! But most of the Evaluation Team said they would not recommend this fern over Athyrium nipponicum var. pictum .

Evaluated 2002-2005

PRINTABLE PDF Flower description / bloom time Jack Frost has China-blue sprays of flowers in April and May for 3 to 4 weeks with no repeat flowering later in the season. However, flowers are not Jack Frost’s main featuer— flowers only received a ‘good’ rating over the evaluation period. Foliage interest / color and texture Medium green, heart-shaped leaves are heavily marbled in silver-white. The variegated foliage boldly stands out as a ‘color’ throughout the growing season in the shaded garden. Even in a drought year [2005] foliage did not have browned edges. Habit and growth rate observations The mounded habit of the foliage takes about a year from planting to achieve a height of 12 inches with the flowers adding an additional 9 inches. The plants reached a width of 18 to 24 inches in a 2- to 3-year period. Site preference / soil and light Jack Frost grows best in slightly moist, well draining soil in part shade or shade. It showed great drought tolerance in 2005 while growing under Norway maples. Successes and possible drawbacks—how to overcome them Showy foliar variegation stands out in shaded gardens from April to November. For appearance the plant looks best if the spent flower stems are removed. It was also thought that seedlings might revert to the species but on at least one site the seedlings remained true to type. There was only one report of minor slug damage. Notes from growers / retailers Foliage seems to be very consistent and nicer than other variegated Brunnera macrophylla cultivars. As recommended for garden planting, Jack Frost requires excellent drainage to avoid root diseases. By mid-June the plant develops nice foliage, is moderately rooted and in bloom. Jack Frost can be potted bare root in mid-April and grown outdoors under 30% shade cloth. One grower generally sells about 75% and over winters the remaining 25% under micro foam and white plastic right on the ground. Another grower recommended growing plants in a ‘squat pot’ (wider than tall). Brunnera is also salt-sensitive so growers should periodically drench soils to remove excess salt. Best combinations Some suggested companion plants include Athyrium filix-femina ‘Frizelliae’, Carex ‘Ice Dance’, and Impatiens ‘Lipstick’. Parting “SHOT” —the overall evaluation results were Excellent **** Brunnera macrophylla ‘Jack Frost’ is an easy-care perennial for brightening a darker area of the garden – it is the foliage of Jack Frost that makes this plant a standout! For most of the evaluators this plant performed well in dry, shaded conditions filling a much-needed position in the garden. Jack Frost received the highest overall rating of Excellen t **** . Evaluated 2002-2005 To the Top

Flower description / bloom time Jack Frost has China-blue sprays of flowers in April and May for 3 to 4 weeks with no repeat flowering later in the season. However, flowers are not Jack Frost’s main featuer— flowers only received a ‘good’ rating over the evaluation period.

Foliage interest / color and texture Medium green, heart-shaped leaves are heavily marbled in silver-white. The variegated foliage boldly stands out as a ‘color’ throughout the growing season in the shaded garden. Even in a drought year [2005] foliage did not have browned edges.

Habit and growth rate observations The mounded habit of the foliage takes about a year from planting to achieve a height of 12 inches with the flowers adding an additional 9 inches. The plants reached a width of 18 to 24 inches in a 2- to 3-year period.

Site preference / soil and light Jack Frost grows best in slightly moist, well draining soil in part shade or shade. It showed great drought tolerance in 2005 while growing under Norway maples.

Successes and possible drawbacks—how to overcome them Showy foliar variegation stands out in shaded gardens from April to November. For appearance the plant looks best if the spent flower stems are removed. It was also thought that seedlings might revert to the species but on at least one site the seedlings remained true to type. There was only one report of minor slug damage. Notes from growers / retailers Foliage seems to be very consistent and nicer than other variegated Brunnera macrophylla cultivars. As recommended for garden planting, Jack Frost requires excellent drainage to avoid root diseases. By mid-June the plant develops nice foliage, is moderately rooted and in bloom. Jack Frost can be potted bare root in mid-April and grown outdoors under 30% shade cloth. One grower generally sells about 75% and over winters the remaining 25% under micro foam and white plastic right on the ground. Another grower recommended growing plants in a ‘squat pot’ (wider than tall). Brunnera is also salt-sensitive so growers should periodically drench soils to remove excess salt.

Best combinations Some suggested companion plants include Athyrium filix-femina ‘Frizelliae’, Carex ‘Ice Dance’, and Impatiens ‘Lipstick’.

Parting “SHOT” —the overall evaluation results were Excellent **** Brunnera macrophylla ‘Jack Frost’ is an easy-care perennial for brightening a darker area of the garden – it is the foliage of Jack Frost that makes this plant a standout! For most of the evaluators this plant performed well in dry, shaded conditions filling a much-needed position in the garden. Jack Frost received the highest overall rating of Excellen t **** .

PRINTABLE PDF Flower description / bloom time Calamintha has masses of dainty white flowers that change to soft blue as they age. The tiny blooms dance airily just above the foliage continuously from June through October! Foliage interest / color and texture Calamintha is a fine-textured plant with rich, shiny green foliage. A member of the mint family, the leaves have a peppermint fragrance when crushed. Habit and growth rate observations This upright plant is approximately 12 to 18 inches tall and wide. It forms a clump and is not spreading or aggressive. Site preference—soil / light Calamintha grows in full sun with ordinary soils and requires little care. Be careful not to cover the crown of the plant when planting. Heavy mulch and over-irrigating is not necessary and can, in fact, be detrimental. Less tender, loving care is better for calamint. Successes and possible drawbacks—how to overcome them Be sure to get the subspecies since the straight species Calamintha nepeta will reseed and has dull gray-green leaves. The more desirable Calamintha nepeta ssp. nepeta has small glossy leaves and is sterile. Notes from growers / retailers The true plant is supposed to be sterile or semi sterile. From cuttings, it takes three months to have ready for sale. Two and one-half inch plugs finish in 5 to 6 weeks, bloom in late July. Calamint makes a great plant for August sales and over winters easily under micro foam and white plastic. Best combinations The Evaluation Team rated this plant Fair in most categories but recommended its use overall as a long blooming perennial to use as a filler among ornamental grasses, roses or perennials. Parting “SHOT” —the overall evaluation results were Fair ** While not overly impressive by itself, it really shines as a filler plant or a plant to weave in and around plants, especially in the rock garden. Evaluated 2002-2005 To the Top

Flower description / bloom time Calamintha has masses of dainty white flowers that change to soft blue as they age. The tiny blooms dance airily just above the foliage continuously from June through October!

Foliage interest / color and texture Calamintha is a fine-textured plant with rich, shiny green foliage. A member of the mint family, the leaves have a peppermint fragrance when crushed.

Habit and growth rate observations This upright plant is approximately 12 to 18 inches tall and wide. It forms a clump and is not spreading or aggressive.

Site preference—soil / light Calamintha grows in full sun with ordinary soils and requires little care. Be careful not to cover the crown of the plant when planting. Heavy mulch and over-irrigating is not necessary and can, in fact, be detrimental. Less tender, loving care is better for calamint.

Successes and possible drawbacks—how to overcome them Be sure to get the subspecies since the straight species Calamintha nepeta will reseed and has dull gray-green leaves. The more desirable Calamintha nepeta ssp. nepeta has small glossy leaves and is sterile.

Notes from growers / retailers The true plant is supposed to be sterile or semi sterile. From cuttings, it takes three months to have ready for sale. Two and one-half inch plugs finish in 5 to 6 weeks, bloom in late July. Calamint makes a great plant for August sales and over winters easily under micro foam and white plastic.

Best combinations The Evaluation Team rated this plant Fair in most categories but recommended its use overall as a long blooming perennial to use as a filler among ornamental grasses, roses or perennials.

Parting “SHOT” —the overall evaluation results were Fair ** While not overly impressive by itself, it really shines as a filler plant or a plant to weave in and around plants, especially in the rock garden.

PRINTABLE PDF Flower description / bloom time Large, 2 ½ inches long, dark purple, bell-shaped flowers appear heavily in June for about two weeks, and then smaller flowers appear sporadically through August. Foliage interest / color and texture Small heart-shaped leaves are medium green and a medium texture, which stay healthy all year long. Habit and growth rate observations Sarastro is a cross between Campanula punctata and Campanula trachelium and is 18 to 20 inches tall with an equal spread. The growth rate is slow and by underground rhizomes. Site preference / soil and light The most successful plantings were in moist, well-drained soils with supplemental watering and a light mulch. These received morning sun and afternoon shade. Some plants sited in full sun died the first year. Successes and possible drawbacks—how to overcome them The positives reported for Sarastro were the showiness of the flower and stems that remained more up right than Campanula ‘Kent Belle’. Cutting the plant back after first bloom rarely resulted in a good second flush of growth. Notes from growers / retailers While easy to grow in pots, the plant does not have much eye appeal in containers, unless it is in bloom. Best combinations The dark purple flower color will combine nicely with soft pastel colors such as pink, lemon yellow, and white. Some suggestions included Achillea 'Moonshine', Iris sibirica ‘Gull’s Wing’, Geranium sanguineum ‘Album’, and Geranium ‘Ankum’s Pride’. Parting “SHOT” —the overall evaluation results were Fair to Poor * The Evaluation Team did not recommend this plant, as the overall rating was Fair to Poor . The showy flower display in June was rated good to excellent, but problems with vigor and hardiness brought the ratings down. In our study, only 65% survived the three years. It did stay more upright than Campanula ‘Kent Belle’, but still needed some support during its heavy bloom period. Evaluated 2003-2006 To the Top

Flower description / bloom time Large, 2 ½ inches long, dark purple, bell-shaped flowers appear heavily in June for about two weeks, and then smaller flowers appear sporadically through August.

Foliage interest / color and texture Small heart-shaped leaves are medium green and a medium texture, which stay healthy all year long.

Habit and growth rate observations Sarastro is a cross between Campanula punctata and Campanula trachelium and is 18 to 20 inches tall with an equal spread. The growth rate is slow and by underground rhizomes.

Site preference / soil and light The most successful plantings were in moist, well-drained soils with supplemental watering and a light mulch. These received morning sun and afternoon shade. Some plants sited in full sun died the first year.

Successes and possible drawbacks—how to overcome them The positives reported for Sarastro were the showiness of the flower and stems that remained more up right than Campanula ‘Kent Belle’. Cutting the plant back after first bloom rarely resulted in a good second flush of growth.

Notes from growers / retailers While easy to grow in pots, the plant does not have much eye appeal in containers, unless it is in bloom.

Best combinations The dark purple flower color will combine nicely with soft pastel colors such as pink, lemon yellow, and white. Some suggestions included Achillea 'Moonshine', Iris sibirica ‘Gull’s Wing’, Geranium sanguineum ‘Album’, and Geranium ‘Ankum’s Pride’.

Parting “SHOT” —the overall evaluation results were Fair to Poor * The Evaluation Team did not recommend this plant, as the overall rating was Fair to Poor . The showy flower display in June was rated good to excellent, but problems with vigor and hardiness brought the ratings down. In our study, only 65% survived the three years. It did stay more upright than Campanula ‘Kent Belle’, but still needed some support during its heavy bloom period.

PRINTABLE PDF Flower description / bloom time Rozanne features lavender blue flowers with white centers and dark veins; the round, flat flowers are 1¾ inches in diameter. Rozanne blooms from June through September (and even beyond). Foliage interest / color and texture Deeply cut, medium green leaves are typical of hardy geraniums. Foliage did not attract much comment either positive or negative, however, foliage provides a nice backdrop for flowers and does not show any tendencies toward insect or fungal problems. Unlike many members of this genus, there was very little fall color reported. Habit and growth rate observations Make room in the garden for Rozanne as its mounding and sprawling habit can easily spread 24 to 30 inches across and reach 15 to 20 inches tall. Very little maintenance is required beyond a little tidying up of the foliage during the summer to keep the plant in bounds. One evaluator describes this vigorous habit as giving a casual flavor to the garden. Rabbits did not appear to favor this plant! Site preference / soil and light Rozanne is adaptable but evaluators had the best success in sites with sun to part shade. Protection from late afternoon sun is beneficial while too much shade results in poor flowering and form. Soil should be moist but well draining. Successes and possible drawbacks—how to overcome them Across the board our evaluators were impressed with the long period of bloom. You do not have to wait to see results. This plant puts on good growth the first year. A little light trimming in summer may be needed to keep Rozanne in bounds. Notes from growers / retailers Liner availability is somewhat limited. Several growers decided to grow this geranium over other geraniums mentioned below because it is more vigorous. Bare root plants potted in April can be ready in mid-May. However, another grower states that it is slow from a 2-inch plug and may need five to six weeks to get to the edge of the pot. All mentioned that pruning is helpful to keep the plant compact. Best combinations Rozanne looks sensational paired with yellow flowering perennials such as Hemerocallis ‘Happy Returns’. Alternatively, you could draw out the lavender tones in Rozanne by planting it with deep purple foliage such as Eupatorium rugosum ‘Chocolate’ or a plum-colored coleus. Parting “SHOT”—the overall evaluation results were Good *** With its long bloom time, good blue flowers, and healthy foliage, Geranium ‘Rozanne’ makes quite a statement in the garden and was rated as Good. Additional Notes: •Geranium Rozanne holds up through the season better then ‘Johnson’s Blue’ and ‘Brookside’. Unlike Rozanne, these Geraniums usually need a hard cut back after flowering at the end of June or early July to rejuvenate the foliage. •The plants we evaluated were originally received as ‘Jolly Bee, a cultivar that has been recently proven through DNA testing to be the same as Rozanne. Subsequently, ‘Jolly Bee’ has been removed from the market. Given that these two cultivars are the same plant, we reassigned our findings on ‘Jolly Bee’ to Rozanne. Evaluated 2003-2006 To the Top

Flower description / bloom time Rozanne features lavender blue flowers with white centers and dark veins; the round, flat flowers are 1¾ inches in diameter. Rozanne blooms from June through September (and even beyond).

Foliage interest / color and texture Deeply cut, medium green leaves are typical of hardy geraniums. Foliage did not attract much comment either positive or negative, however, foliage provides a nice backdrop for flowers and does not show any tendencies toward insect or fungal problems. Unlike many members of this genus, there was very little fall color reported.

Habit and growth rate observations Make room in the garden for Rozanne as its mounding and sprawling habit can easily spread 24 to 30 inches across and reach 15 to 20 inches tall. Very little maintenance is required beyond a little tidying up of the foliage during the summer to keep the plant in bounds. One evaluator describes this vigorous habit as giving a casual flavor to the garden. Rabbits did not appear to favor this plant!

Site preference / soil and light Rozanne is adaptable but evaluators had the best success in sites with sun to part shade. Protection from late afternoon sun is beneficial while too much shade results in poor flowering and form. Soil should be moist but well draining.

Successes and possible drawbacks—how to overcome them Across the board our evaluators were impressed with the long period of bloom. You do not have to wait to see results. This plant puts on good growth the first year. A little light trimming in summer may be needed to keep Rozanne in bounds. Notes from growers / retailers Liner availability is somewhat limited. Several growers decided to grow this geranium over other geraniums mentioned below because it is more vigorous. Bare root plants potted in April can be ready in mid-May. However, another grower states that it is slow from a 2-inch plug and may need five to six weeks to get to the edge of the pot. All mentioned that pruning is helpful to keep the plant compact.

Best combinations Rozanne looks sensational paired with yellow flowering perennials such as Hemerocallis ‘Happy Returns’. Alternatively, you could draw out the lavender tones in Rozanne by planting it with deep purple foliage such as Eupatorium rugosum ‘Chocolate’ or a plum-colored coleus.

Parting “SHOT”—the overall evaluation results were Good *** With its long bloom time, good blue flowers, and healthy foliage, Geranium ‘Rozanne’ makes quite a statement in the garden and was rated as Good.

Additional Notes: •Geranium Rozanne holds up through the season better then ‘Johnson’s Blue’ and ‘Brookside’. Unlike Rozanne, these Geraniums usually need a hard cut back after flowering at the end of June or early July to rejuvenate the foliage. •The plants we evaluated were originally received as ‘Jolly Bee, a cultivar that has been recently proven through DNA testing to be the same as Rozanne. Subsequently, ‘Jolly Bee’ has been removed from the market. Given that these two cultivars are the same plant, we reassigned our findings on ‘Jolly Bee’ to Rozanne.

PRINTABLE PDF Flower description and bloom time This prairie native has light lavender petunia-like flowers that are 1 ½ inches in diameter. Wild petunia blooms sporadically from June through October; flowers usually fall off cleanly so deadheading is unnecessary. Foliage interest—color / texture Wild petunia’s fuzzy green foliage remains ornamental throughout the entire season. Habit and growth rate observations The low sprawling growth habit, 6 to 8 inches tall, will trail across or climb up and over depending on the neighboring plants. Site preference—soil and light The wild petunia enjoys full sun and moderate soil types; however, it will tolerate dry soils after becoming established. Successes and possible drawbacks—how to overcome them The trailing habit and tendency to self-seed can be a deterrent for some gardeners. When planted in adverse conditions like outcropping in a rock garden, the trailing habit can be a used to soften the edges. Also works well as a groundcover or in combination with other aggressive perennials. Notes from growers / retailers Ruellia is slow growing and unattractive in the container in spring. By midsummer the plant is fuller but still somewhat leggy. Best results in containers are achieved if the plants are kept on the drier side. Wild petunia is pest-free in containers and in the garden. Best combinations Wild petunia is best planted with drought tolerant plants such as prairie dropseed [Sporobolus], sedums, and daylilies. Parting “SHOT” —the overall evaluation results were Fair ** Due to its tendency to self-seed everywhere, it was given a rating of Fair in the overall appearance category. Not a good plant for the typical backyard garden, but a good pick for a tough site; e.g. a parking median bed. While limited in its applications, Ruellia humilis does fill a need in some gardens. Its trailing habit, drought tolerance and soft violet, long-blooming flowers make it appropriate for the rock garden or the drought-resistant prairie. Its lengthy bloom time will add color to your garden for much of the summer into fall! Evaluated 2004-2007 PRINTABLE PDF Flower description / bloom time Dozens of burgundy-red, knob-shaped flower heads on wand-like stems, to 30 inches tall; blooms in late July through September. Foliage interest—color/texture The foliage is pinnately compound. Each medium green leaflet is 2 inches long, lightly textured and toothed. However, when the Japanese beetles start eating holes in the leaves, they become brown and unsightly. Habit and growth rate observations Generally, plants took a couple of years to establish, and were described as thin and ‘wimpy’ in first year but ranged from 36 to 46 inches tall and 24 inches wide in the third year. Plant habits were adversely affected by Japanese beetle damage, rabbit browsing, and wind damage. Site preference—soil & light ‘Red Thunder’ grows best in full sun to light shade in average well-drained soil and needs extra water during periods of drought. Successes and possible drawbacks—how to overcome them The biggest drawback to this plant is its attractiveness to critters like Japanese beetles and rabbits. It is one of the first plants in the garden that Japanese beetles go to when it starts to bloom. This is a nice filler plant with hundreds of tiny button size flowers held above the foliage. Notes from growers/retailers The flowers are not showy enough to attract the average garden center buyer. Best combinations Rudbeckia fulgida ‘Goldsturm’, Hemerocallis (pink or gold varieties), Allium senescens ssp/ montanum ‘Summer Beauty’, Miscanthus sinensis ‘Morning Light’, Geranium ‘Rozanne’. Parting “SHOT”— the overall evaluation results were Fair ** ‘Red Thunder’ can be a lot of work and probably best for an experienced gardener or collector. It can be useful as a filler plant where its lacy foliage and elongated button flowers can be used to highlight other bolder flowered and foliaged plants. Its downfall is that it is a major food source for Japanese beetles and rabbits. Evaluated 2005-2008 To the Top

PRINTABLE PDF Flower description and bloom time This prairie native has light lavender petunia-like flowers that are 1 ½ inches in diameter. Wild petunia blooms sporadically from June through October; flowers usually fall off cleanly so deadheading is unnecessary. Foliage interest—color / texture Wild petunia’s fuzzy green foliage remains ornamental throughout the entire season.

Habit and growth rate observations The low sprawling growth habit, 6 to 8 inches tall, will trail across or climb up and over depending on the neighboring plants.

Site preference—soil and light The wild petunia enjoys full sun and moderate soil types; however, it will tolerate dry soils after becoming established.

Successes and possible drawbacks—how to overcome them The trailing habit and tendency to self-seed can be a deterrent for some gardeners. When planted in adverse conditions like outcropping in a rock garden, the trailing habit can be a used to soften the edges. Also works well as a groundcover or in combination with other aggressive perennials.

Notes from growers / retailers Ruellia is slow growing and unattractive in the container in spring. By midsummer the plant is fuller but still somewhat leggy. Best results in containers are achieved if the plants are kept on the drier side. Wild petunia is pest-free in containers and in the garden.

Best combinations Wild petunia is best planted with drought tolerant plants such as prairie dropseed [Sporobolus], sedums, and daylilies.

Parting “SHOT” —the overall evaluation results were Fair ** Due to its tendency to self-seed everywhere, it was given a rating of Fair in the overall appearance category. Not a good plant for the typical backyard garden, but a good pick for a tough site; e.g. a parking median bed. While limited in its applications, Ruellia humilis does fill a need in some gardens. Its trailing habit, drought tolerance and soft violet, long-blooming flowers make it appropriate for the rock garden or the drought-resistant prairie. Its lengthy bloom time will add color to your garden for much of the summer into fall!

PRINTABLE PDF Flower description / bloom time Dozens of burgundy-red, knob-shaped flower heads on wand-like stems, to 30 inches tall; blooms in late July through September. Foliage interest—color/texture The foliage is pinnately compound. Each medium green leaflet is 2 inches long, lightly textured and toothed. However, when the Japanese beetles start eating holes in the leaves, they become brown and unsightly. Habit and growth rate observations Generally, plants took a couple of years to establish, and were described as thin and ‘wimpy’ in first year but ranged from 36 to 46 inches tall and 24 inches wide in the third year. Plant habits were adversely affected by Japanese beetle damage, rabbit browsing, and wind damage. Site preference—soil & light ‘Red Thunder’ grows best in full sun to light shade in average well-drained soil and needs extra water during periods of drought. Successes and possible drawbacks—how to overcome them The biggest drawback to this plant is its attractiveness to critters like Japanese beetles and rabbits. It is one of the first plants in the garden that Japanese beetles go to when it starts to bloom. This is a nice filler plant with hundreds of tiny button size flowers held above the foliage. Notes from growers/retailers The flowers are not showy enough to attract the average garden center buyer. Best combinations Rudbeckia fulgida ‘Goldsturm’, Hemerocallis (pink or gold varieties), Allium senescens ssp/ montanum ‘Summer Beauty’, Miscanthus sinensis ‘Morning Light’, Geranium ‘Rozanne’. Parting “SHOT”— the overall evaluation results were Fair ** ‘Red Thunder’ can be a lot of work and probably best for an experienced gardener or collector. It can be useful as a filler plant where its lacy foliage and elongated button flowers can be used to highlight other bolder flowered and foliaged plants. Its downfall is that it is a major food source for Japanese beetles and rabbits.

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